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Introduction: Rasayana, a core concept in Ayurveda, refers to rejuvenation and longevity-promoting therapies that enhance immunity, vitality, and overall health. Samhitas describe a wide range of Rasayana formulations with multi-targeted therapeutic actions for both healthy individuals and patients with chronic diseases. Understanding these formulations is vital for integrating traditional wisdom into modern healthcare. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using classical Ayurvedic texts (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya) and contemporary databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar). Keywords included “Rasayana,” “Ayurvedic rejuvenation,” “Samhita formulations,” and “Ayurveda longevity therapy.” Studies describing formulation composition, pharmacological actions, and clinical applications were included; anecdotal reports were excluded. Results: Samhitas describe Rasayana formulations using herbs, minerals, and herbo-mineral combinations. Classical texts classify Rasayana based on indication, action, and target Dosha/Dhatu. Modern studies corroborate immune-modulatory, neuroprotective, anti-aging, antioxidant, and adaptogenic effects of commonly used Rasayanas such as Chyawanprash, Brahmi Rasayana, and Amalaki-based formulations. Clinical trials indicate improvement in cognitive function, metabolic parameters, and general well-being. Discussion: Rasayana formulations demonstrate mechanistic alignment with modern pharmacology, including antioxidant activity, modulation of inflammatory pathways, and neuroprotection. Despite promising evidence, challenges such as standardization, quality control, and lack of large-scale clinical trials remain. Future research should focus on translational studies and integration into preventive and therapeutic care. Conclusion: Samhita-based Rasayana formulations provide a scientifically rational, clinically relevant, and historically validated approach to health promotion and disease management. Evidence-based integration into modern healthcare may enhance preventive, therapeutic, and rehabilitative strategies.

KEYWORDS: Adaptogens, Ayurveda, Longevity, Rasayana, Therapeutics