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Introduction: Prakriti, or an individual’s constitution, is a fundamental concept in Ayurveda describing the inherent physical, physiological, and psychological traits determined by the predominance of Doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha). Accurate Prakriti assessment is critical for preventive healthcare, personalized therapy, and understanding susceptibility to diseases. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using classical Ayurvedic texts (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya) and modern scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science). Keywords included “Prakriti,” “Ayurveda,” “Samhita,” “Constitution,” and “Dosha assessment.” Inclusion criteria were classical references and peer-reviewed studies analyzing Prakriti and its clinical or genetic correlations. Exclusion criteria included anecdotal reports and non-peer-reviewed studies. Results: Classical texts describe detailed criteria for Prakriti assessment based on anatomical, physiological, psychological, and behavioral characteristics. Modern research correlates Prakriti types with genetic polymorphisms, metabolic patterns, immune responses, and disease predispositions. Prakriti-based stratification aids in designing individualized preventive and therapeutic interventions. Discussion: Prakriti analysis demonstrates significant overlap with contemporary personalized medicine concepts. However, standardization of assessment methods, integration with biomolecular markers, and evidence-based validation remain challenges. The classical framework provides a holistic approach to health, complementing modern diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Conclusion: Prakriti analysis represents a valuable tool for personalized healthcare, disease prevention, and lifestyle management. Integrating classical insights with modern scientific methods can enhance predictive, preventive, and therapeutic healthcare, emphasizing individualized approaches in clinical practice.

KEYWORDS: Ayurveda, Constitution, Dosha, Prakriti, Samhita