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Introduction: Bhaishajya Kalpana, the Ayurvedic science of formulation and dosage forms, is a fundamental component of classical therapeutics. It encompasses methods of preparing herbal, mineral, and herbo-mineral medicines to enhance efficacy, stability, and patient compliance. Samhitas describe various Kalpana types, their principles, and therapeutic applications, forming the basis for modern Ayurvedic pharmaceutics. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using classical texts (Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya) and modern databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar). Keywords included “Bhaishajya Kalpana,” “Ayurvedic formulation,” “Samhita pharmaceutics,” and “Ayurvedic dosage forms.” Included studies were classical descriptions, experimental research, and clinical trials evaluating formulations and their pharmacological actions. Non-peer-reviewed sources and anecdotal reports were excluded. Results:  Samhitas describe a range of formulations, including Kwatha, Churna, Gutika, Vati, Asava, Arishta, Bhasma, and Lehyam, with specific preparation methods and indications. Modern studies validate pharmacological efficacy, bioavailability, and therapeutic potential of these formulations in conditions such as metabolic disorders, inflammatory diseases, and chronic infections. Standardization, quality control, and incorporation of contemporary pharmaceutical techniques enhance clinical applicability. Discussion: Bhaishajya Kalpana integrates classical principles with modern pharmaceutics. While therapeutic efficacy is well-documented, challenges include variability in raw materials, lack of standardization, and limited large-scale clinical trials. Future prospects involve translational research, pharmacokinetic studies, and evidence-based standardization of classical formulations. Conclusion: Bhaishajya Kalpana represents a scientifically robust, clinically relevant framework for Ayurvedic medicine preparation. Evidence-based integration into modern healthcare can optimize therapeutic outcomes, ensuring safety, efficacy, and patient compliance.

KEYWORDS: Ayurveda, Bhaishajya Kalpana, Dosage Forms, Formulations, Pharmaceutics